Both Scandals were investigated by a Grand Jury and saw a number of players testify.

In the interest of justice, both baseball scandals had formal inquiries made by the legal system. Not only did a number of players testify (Eddie Cicotte, Joe Jackson and Lefty Williams in 1920. Barry Bonds, Benito Santiago, Jason Giambi and Gary Sheffield testified in 2004), but both investigations also resulted in the handing down of criminal indictments.

Baseball has often been referred to as a game of numbers. ERA, hits, homeruns and batting averages are only four statistics to name a few. When ballplayers salaries are negotiated, their statistics are examined and compared to that of other players who play the same position. The benefits of performance

enhancing drugs is that they increase an athletes speed, power and overall performance. In addition, performance enhancing drugs accelerate the injury recovery process, allowing shorter periods of disability if an injury occurs. In short, performance enhancing drugs increase a ballplayers productivity, thus, increasing his chances of earning a higher salary.

However, the use of performance enhancing drugs are not without drawbacks. Drugs such as THG are male hormones which can cause an increase in agression, depression and have been know to cause heart disease and tumors in labratory testing. Even with these side effects, those ballplayers looking to achieve maximum performance, top dollar or stardom, the tradeoff has been appealing and profitable.

To further aid a ballplayers decision on using these drugs, Major League Baseball did not have a policy forbidding the use of performance enhancing drugs until 2003. Only since then has the baseball establishment acknowledged a problem and begun taking a proactive stance in addressing this issue.